Types of Sculptures, Methods and Process of Sculpting

 FOR MORE UPDATES, JOIN US ON TELEGRAM : https://t.me/notesandknowledgehindienglish

 

Also Read : What is Sculptures its meaning and definition

Types of sculptures:

1. Free-standing

2. Relief

1)    Free-standing : This is also known as “In the round”. The word free standing means “surrounded on all sides by space”. Statues of people are the examples of free standing.

e.g: Mayan ruler

2)    Relief : This type of sculpture in which forms and figures project only from the front. It is flat on the back. You can see large reliefs on buildings and small reliefs on items such as Jewelry.

e.g: Statue of god.

Relief sculptures are of 4 following types:

·      Bas relief

·      High relief

·      Mid relief

·      Sunk relief 

Sculpting methods and process:

•        Carving:

In carving, the sculptors start with a block of materials and cuts or chip a shape from it. Often a hard materials like stone is used.

e.g: Sand stone can be used

•    Casting:

In casting, the sculptor starts by making a mould. He/she pours in a melted down metal or some other liquid eventually, the liquid hardens. The mould is broken to reveal the newly created work within. One of the most commonly used media in casting is Bronze. An example of copper casting can be found. 

•  Modelling:

In modelling, the sculptor builds up and shapes a soft material. Clay and fresh plaster are two such materials. The ancient Mayan sculpture is the examples of modelling.

•    Assembling:

In assembling, also known as constructing the sculptor glues or some other way joins together pieces of materials.

 Also Read : Meaning-and-Definition-of-Arts

Notes And Knowledge

e.g : Any woods made materials/statue.

• Modelling and assembling are known as additive methods of sculpting.
• Works created by these methods are built up or added to.
• Carving is subtractive method, in this artist takes away or removes materials.

Modelling + Assembling = Additive methods

Also Read : Gupta-period

 Famous sculptures in India:

Sculptures were the first kind of "Art form" that came into existence. Since the humans started to settle, they decided to make houses and those beautiful mud abodes( home/houses), were nothing less than sculptures. 

Click here to join on Telegram channel

And in Harappan Civilization, the abodes became more oriented, in that period making of bricks has been started. Later, sculptures became the means of depicting the culture and lifestyle of a place.

Some of the famous Sculptures in India are as follows:-

1. The Dancing Girl, Mohen Jo Daro, c. 2500 BC-

The statue of the famous 'Dancing Girl, found to be in the times of Harappa. 

The statue, in bronze, is 10.5 centimetres (4.1 in) tall, and depicts a naked young woman or girl with stylized proportions standing in a confident, naturalistic pose. 

Dancing Girl is well-regarded as a work of art, and is a cultural artefact of the Indus Valley Civilisation. It is one of the oldest and magnificent artwork till date.

2.  Ashoka Pillar, Sarnath, 3^rd Century B.C.-

The most celebrated capital (the four-lion one at Sarnath (Uttar Pradesh)) erected by Emperor Ashoka circa 250 BC, also called the "Ashoka Column" . 

Four lions are seated back to back. At present the Column remains in the same place whereas the Lion Capital is at the Sarnath Museum. This Lion Capital of Ashoka from Sarnath has been adopted as the National Emblem of India and the wheel "Ashoka Chakra" from its base was placed onto the centre of the flag of India.

3.  Buddha Statue, Sarnath-

Sculpture of Gautama Buddha delivering his first sermon in the deer park at Sarnath. He preached the Four Noble Truths, the middle path and the Eightfold Path. 

In the statue, he is seated in Padmasana with his right hand turning the Dharmachakra, resting on a Tri-ratna symbol, flanked on either side by a deer. .

Notes And Knowledge

4. Nataraj, Chola Bronze Sculpture-

The famous Shiva Dance- Nataraja and the bronze sculpture, of the Natatraj of the Chola period is one of the most significant religious sculptures, and beholding the stature (quality) even today.

Also Read :

Important points about Indian sculpture:

•       Stone and bronze carvings are the earliest sculpture known from India.

•       As in painting and other arts of India, the mystical dance-like figures, gods and   goddesses, and symbols are frequently depicted in sculpture.

• The art and culture of India influenced much of Asia and other parts of the     world.

•      Sculptures as well as intricately carved panels can be found in the temples and caves of India.

•    Indian art encompasses a huge amount of work over thousands of years.

•    Although the art developed and changed over those years, many aspects remained the same.

•      Two things you need to remember about Indian art are the intricate detail and the mystic qualities. 

 

Notes And knowledge

Also Read : For daily updates-- Join us on telegram channel